The ancient art of Puppetry, commonly known as “Kathputli Ka Khel,” has been a  part of Rajasthani culture for thousands of years. This theatrical practice, where skilled artists bring stories to life through string marionettes, is thought to have originated around 4,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest performing arts in history.

Cultural Significance

Kathputli holds a cherished place in Rajasthani traditions, especially during fairs, religious festivals, and social gatherings. This art form is believed to have been initiated by the tribal Bhat community of Rajasthan approximately 1,500 years ago. Their dedication to preserving this rich heritage has allowed Kathputli to endure the tests of time.

Puppetery Artists of Shilpgram

In an conversation with puppet artist Raju Bhat, he highlighted that this art form has been passed down through his family for seven generations. Raju is dedicated to training his children in the craft, ensuring that the tradition continues. He proudly represents the Bhat community, renowned for their theatrical performances.

Raju shared stories about his ancestors, who travelled from village to village to perform puppet shows, establishing connections with royal families. He recounted a tale from the reign of King Vikram Aditya, who was particularly fond of puppets. “Each day, the king would approach the throne, and each day, another puppet would come to life to caution him.”

Challenges in the Modern Era

Despite the rich legacy, Raju expressed concerns about the declining relevance of puppet shows in today’s fast-paced, digital world. “In today’s modern world, puppet shows are losing their significance,” he said. With the rise of digital theatres and mobile entertainment, audiences are less inclined to attend live performances. 

In earlier times, communities gathered to enjoy Kathputli shows, which were their primary source of entertainment. Raju pointed out that while their community spreads across various states such as Rajasthan, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Delhi etc government support for preserving this art form remains minimal.

Currently, Raju Bhat and his wife Vimla Bhat  perform at various awareness initiatives, including girl and child education, health programs, and environmental campaigns. They are also invited to entertain at weddings and birthday parties. Recently, puppet artists were featured in the G20 event held in Jaipur, showcasing their talent on a larger stage.

A Call for Support

“The tradition should go on.” Raju Bhat

Despite the passion for their craft, Raju emphasized that the income generated from performances is insufficient for a sustainable livelihood. He urged the government to promote puppetry on a larger scale, allowing these artists to earn a steady monthly income. 

In Udaipur's Shilpgram, for instance, visitors come not only during the December fair but throughout the year. People are often captivated by the puppet shows and other folk dance performances.

The Art of Puppetry at Lok Kala Mandal

Lok Kala Mandal in Udaipur also conducts puppetry, showcased by talented artist Bhagwati Mali. With 30 years of experience in conducting puppet shows and crafting  puppets, Mali plays a significant role in preserving this art. He with two other members performs puppet shows at Lok Kala Mandal. Mali reveals that making a single puppet requires a minimum of 3 to 4 hours. 

In addition to performing shows, these talented artists also sell the puppets they create, turning their artistry into a viable business. Puppet shows at Lok Kala Mandal are held in the afternoons and in the evenings attracting visitors. 

The Lok Kala Mandal Museum has a dedicated section for puppets, showcasing a wide variety of puppet styles from around the world. Each country represented in the collection has its own unique approach to puppet-making, highlighting the diversity of this traditional art form.

Materials Used in Puppet Making

Artists typically use Adusa, Aam, or Sagwan (Teak) wood for puppet making. Nowadays, Adusa wood is the first choice because it is easier to work with when cutting and shaping. Once the puppet is formed, artists paint and adorn them with clothes, which they also create themselves. 

Earning from Puppetry

Many artists not only perform puppet shows but also sell the puppets they make as part of their business. 

The Art of Kathputli

Kathputli is an art form that presents folk tales and stories. Unfortunately, this art is declining as fewer people show interest in attending puppet shows. Rajasthan, being a prominent tourism state, hosts these performances in various cities. 

Historically, kings and noblemen were passionate about art and craft, encouraging artists to create paintings, wood and marble carvings, pottery, and jewellery. Much of Rajasthan's rich culture can be attributed to the support of its kings.

As artists strive to keep this timeless craft alive amid modern challenges, it is important for both the government and the community to support and promote this age-old art. By promoting Kathputli through festivals, educational initiatives, and broader recognition, we can ensure that future generations continue to enjoy and learn from this puppet show tradition.